Sankaranarayanan, R. et al. Test characteristics of visual inspection with 4% acetic acid (VIA) and Lugol’s iodine (VILI) in cervical cancer screening in Kerala, India. Int. J. Cancer. 106(3), 404–408 (2003).
Google Scholar
University of Zimbabwe/JHPIEGO Cervical Cancer Project. Visual inspection with acetic acid for cervical-cancer screening: test qualities in a primary-care setting. Lancet 353(9156), 869–873 (1999).
Confederation of Regional Cancer Centres in Sweden. National guideline for cervical cancer screening; Version 4.0. Conferderation of Regional Cancer Centres, Stockholm 2022.
World Health organisation. Guidelines for screening and treatment of precancerous lesions for cervical cancer prevention. (2013) 27–8.
Kumari, S. Screening for cervical cancer in pregnancy. Oncol. Rev. 17, 11429 (2023).
Google Scholar
Health things you should know in pregnancy United Kingdom: National Health Service (NHS); [updated 26 July 2022. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/pregnancy/finding-out/health-things-you-should-know-in-pregnancy/.
Pereg, D., Koren, G. & Lishner, M. Cancer in pregnancy: Gaps, challenges and solutions. Cancer Treat Rev. 34(4), 302–312 (2008).
Google Scholar
World Health Organisation. Maternal health: Overview. Accessed on: July 3, 2024.; 2024.
Arsenault, C. et al. Equity in antenatal care quality: An analysis of 91 national household surveys. Lancet Glob. Health. 6(11), e1186–e1195 (2018).
Google Scholar
Birhan, T. Y. & Seretew, W. S. Trends and determinants of an acceptable antenatal care coverage in Ethiopia, evidence from 2005–2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey; Multivariate decomposition analysis. Arch. Public Health. 78(1), 129 (2020).
Google Scholar
Federal Ministry of Health Ethiopia. Guideline for cervical cancer prevention control in Ethiopia. 2021.
Gebisa, T., Bala, E. T. & Deriba, B. S. Knowledge, attitude, and practice toward cervical cancer screening among women attending health facilities in Central Ethiopia. Cancer Control 29, 10732748221076680 (2022).
Google Scholar
Ruddies, F. et al. Cervical cancer screening in rural Ethiopia: A cross-sectional knowledge, attitude and practice study. BMC Cancer 20(1), 563 (2020).
Google Scholar
Bakari, F., Abdul, M. A. & Ahmed, S. A. The prevalence and course of preinvasive cervical lesions during pregnancy in a Northern Nigerian Teaching Hospital. Ann. Afr. Med. 16(2), 74–80 (2017).
Google Scholar
World Health Organisation. WHO guidelines for screening and treatment of precancerous lesions for cervical cancer prevention. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Geneva: World Health Organisation; 2021. Contract No.: Accessed Feb 2022.
Sudhakaran, S. et al. Evaluation of cervical cancer screening during pregnancy in India: Human papillomavirus testing can change the paradigm. Natl. Med. J. India. 36(1), 17–21 (2023).
Google Scholar
Sedgh, G., Singh, S. & Hussain, R. Intended and unintended pregnancies worldwide in 2012 and recent trends. Stud. Fam. Plann. 45(3), 301–314 (2014).
Google Scholar
Hussein, J. Non-communicable diseases during pregnancy in low and middle income countries. Obstet. Med. 10(1), 26–29 (2017).
Google Scholar
Mekuria SF, Biazin H, Abebe T, Borgfeldt C, Assegid N, Mihret A, et al. Comparing visual inspection with acetic acid, with and without Lugol’s Iodine for triage of HPV self-sample positive women in Ethiopia: A randomized controlled trial. Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer. 2024.
Walles, J. et al. Tuberculosis infection in women of reproductive age: A cross-sectional study at antenatal care clinics in an Ethiopian City. Clin. Infect. Dis. 73(2), 203–210 (2021).
Google Scholar
Harris, P. A. et al. The REDCap consortium: Building an international community of software platform partners. J. Biomed. Inform. 95, 103208 (2019).
Google Scholar
Harris, P. A. et al. Research electronic data capture (REDCap)—A metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support. J. Biomed. Inform. 42(2), 377–381 (2009).
Google Scholar
STATACorp. Stata Statistical Software: Release 18. College Station, TX: StataCorp LLC; 2023.
Brandt T, Wubneh SB, Handebo S, Debalkie G, Ayanaw Y, Alemu K, et al. Genital self-sampling for HPV-based cervical cancer screening: a qualitative study of preferences and barriers in rural Ethiopia. BMC Public Health. 19 (2019).
Dunn, T. S., Bajaj, J. E., Stamm, C. A. & Beaty, B. Management of the minimally abnormal papanicolaou smear in pregnancy. J. Low. Genit. Tract. Dis. 5(3), 133–137 (2001).
Google Scholar
de Souza, H. D. et al. Prevalence of oncogenic human papillomavirus in pregnant adolescents, association with colpocytological changes, risk factors and obstetric outcomes. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 77, 100127 (2022).
Google Scholar
46th ESAO Congress 3–7 September 2019 Hannover, Germany Abstracts. International Journal of Artificial Organs. 2019;42(8):386–474.
Schmeink, C. E. et al. Human papillomavirus detection in pregnant women: A prospective matched cohort study. J. Womens Health (Larchmt). 21(12), 1295–1301 (2012).
Google Scholar
Chan, P. K., Chang, A. R., Tam, W. H., Cheung, J. L. & Cheng, A. F. Prevalence and genotype distribution of cervical human papillomavirus infection: Comparison between pregnant women and non-pregnant controls. J. Med. Virol. 67(4), 583–588 (2002).
Google Scholar
Zagorianakou, N. et al. The HPV-DNA test in pregnancy: A review of the literature. Cureus. 15(5), e38619 (2023).
Google Scholar
Regan, L. & Rai, R. Epidemiology and the medical causes of miscarriage. Baillieres Best Pract. Res. Clin. Obstet. Gynaecol. 14(5), 839–854 (2000).
Google Scholar
Ohuma, E. O. et al. National, regional, and global estimates of preterm birth in 2020, with trends from 2010: A systematic analysis. Lancet 402(10409), 1261–1271 (2023).
Google Scholar
Perin, J. et al. Global, regional, and national causes of under-5 mortality in 2000–19: An updated systematic analysis with implications for the Sustainable Development Goals. Lancet Child Adolesc. Health. 6(2), 106–115 (2022).
Google Scholar
Mitiku, I. & Tefera, F. Knowledge about cervical cancer and associated factors among 15–49 year old women in Dessie Town, Northeast Ethiopia. PLoS ONE 11(9), e0163136 (2016).
Google Scholar
Effah, K. et al. Antenatal and postnatal cervical precancer screening to increase coverage: Experience from Battor, Ghana. Ecancermedicalscience. 17, 1616 (2023).
Google Scholar
United Nations Children’s Fund. Antenatal care New York2022 [Available from: https://data.unicef.org/topic/maternal-health/antenatal-care/#.
Grimm, D. et al. Course of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia diagnosed during pregnancy. Arch. Gynecol. Obstet. 301(6), 1503–1512 (2020).
Google Scholar
WHO recommendations on maternal and newborn care for a positive postnatal experience. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2022(Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO).
Yugbare Belemsaga, D. et al. Integration of maternal postpartum services in maternal and child health services in Kaya health district (Burkina Faso): An intervention time trend analysis. BMC Health Serv. Res. 18(1), 298 (2018).
Google Scholar
Tang JH, Lee F, Chagomerana MB, Ghambi K, Mhango P, Msowoya L, et al. Results from Two HPV-Based Cervical Cancer Screening-Family Planning Integration Models in Malawi: A Cluster Randomized Trial. Cancers (Basel). 2023;15(10).
link